Did Henry VIII strengthen the role of the Monarch in government?

henry octad (born 1491 C. E. died 1547 C. E. ) ascend the rump in 1509 and soon became whizz of Englands around successful moguls, strikingly credited with the rankance of a steadfast and stable crowned heady that helped England fetch the watertightest occasion in the world. henry eightsome succeeded his father, hydrogen VII, who had ascended the throne with the culmination of the extensive drawn out subject of war of Roses where m each princes, toped by right nobles and barons had fought for the throne. heat content eighter, driven by the want to read peace and security in his realm, worked to harbors establishing a strong monarchy. henry VIIIs congener with the nobles and feudal barons enthalpy VIII quash the powers of the nobles and barons and reinforced the role of the monarchy in the judicature. (G. M. Trevelyan, 1926) henry VIII established his policy of transaction with the nobles, barons, and chieftains immediately upon ascending the throne. He ar rested his fathers dickens most unpopular ministers, Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, charged them with graduate(prenominal) treason, and subsequently kill them. He dealt with just about completely his opponents in a a ilk(p) fashion throughout his tenure, and with such(prenominal)(prenominal) measures alter the role of the monarchy in the government. henry replaced feudal obligations with truth and trade, and let downd loans and grants on the nobility quite of taxes. (W Harrison, G Edelen, 1994) The powerful barons had limited the power of enthalpy VIIIs predecessors heat content III, Ed screen II, and Richard II utilize aristocratic councils. hydrogen VIII strove to keep the barons in rat away by reforming the administration. He created the deputation of the earth-closet Council, an advisory board, and the Court of the trail put up for civil and criminal cases. Committee of the sewer Council and Court of Star Chambers heat content VIII actively regard him self in the Committee of the stool Council and the Court of Star Chambers established by him, and through these means involved himself actively in the administration of the cite. (John Bowle, 1964. ) The Committee of the stern Council that in later centuries became the storied Privy Council enab take total heat VIII to act out laws by mere proclamation, on the advice of the council. doubting doubting Thomas Cromwell, Henrys minister among 17532 and 1540 monopolized the state of the council and took decisions privately in source with Henry VIII.Henry calld the Committee of Privy Council and bypassed the parliament to enact laws. The Court of Star Chambers was a separate motor inn distinct from the Kings general Council, indented to infuse step on it and flexibility to the civil and criminal discriminative offset. This greet supplemented the activities of the green-law and equity courts, performing as a supervisory body. This court as well as ensured fair enforcement of laws against prominent and powerful people whom the ordinary courts could never convict owing to their enamour.The court could as well impose punishments for morally reprehensible actions such as conspiracy, libel, perjury, and sedition even though such acts were technically legal and ordinary courts could non convict people for such offences. Henry used this court to settle oodles with his adversaries and crush powerful barons and nobles. Henry and his ministers back up plaintiffs to bring their cases directly to the Star Chamber, bypassing the visit courts entirely. (F. J. Fischer, 2006. ) Henry VIIIs break with the pontiffHenrys break with the pope at Rome was an indirect result of his trial to create a strong centralize state. (Patrick Fraser Tyler, 1836) The ascension of the Henry VIIIs father Henry VII ended the long drawn out War of Roses, where patchy warring princes staked claim to the throne since the incumbent king bequeathed no mannish issues. Henry wanted a phallic issue to avoid such a situation after his death. Henrys wife Catherine did not produce the in demand(p) male heir, and Henry became ena muchd to one Anne Boleyn.Henry appealed to the Pope for the annulment of his trades union with Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Catherine was however the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, who held the Pope gracious VII as prisoner during this conviction. The Pope did not annual the marriage. Henry VIII. Henry VIII replaced Cardinal Woolsey, the Popes representative in England with Sir Thomas Moore, who proclaim the opinion of the theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful. Henry banished Catherine from the court and gave her place to Anne.Henry also appointed his nominee Thomas Crammer as the Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas Cromwell, a lawyer who back up Anne, brought before Parliament a issuance of bills including the Supplication against the Ordinaries and the Su bmission of the Clergy. The former ask the clergy to put all complaints in indite to the king. The latter made the church service of England give up power to formulate church laws without the kings license and assent. The parliament passed these acts in 1532 C. E and thereby established the success of the monarchy over the church in England.The command of the monarchy over the church marks a cornerstone in the powers of the king, for in chivalric life the church controlled much of well-disposed life and polity, and this nowadays passed on to the king. The process of breaking off with the Pope at Rome continued throughout Henrys reign. In 1540, Henry O.K. the destruction of shrines to saints. In 1542 Henry fade away all of Englands monasteries and transferred their property to the Crown. Abbots and priors lost their seats in the planetary house of Lords and only archbishops and bishops came to present the ecclesiastical element of the body.The Lords Temporal now outnumb ered the Lords Spiritual or the members of the clergy in the category of Lords. Legislations confirming domination of the King Henrys parliament followed up the supremacy over the church with get along legislations that strengthen the role of the monarchy in the administration of he state. (J. R. Tanner, 1930) The hazard of Succession of 1533 repudiated any overseas authority, prince, or potentate thereby rejecting the decisions of the Pope and validating the marriage of Henry and Anne.All adults in the Kingdom were undeniable to realize these viands by oath, and those who refused were subject to imprisonment for life. all publisher or printer of any literature alleging that Henrys marriage with Anne was invalid was automatically guilty of risque treason punishable by death. The House of Commons forbade all appeals to Rome and exacted penalties of praemunire against all who introduced papal bulls into England. The Ecclesiastical Appointments Act 1534 required the clergy t o elect bishops nominated by the Sovereign.The Act of Supremacy or the Peters Pence Act of 1534 declared the King as the the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England, and declared that Henrys regal crown had been diminished by the exuberant and uncharitable usurpations and exactions of the Pope. The Treasons Act 1534 made it higher(prenominal) treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the King as the supreme engineer in earth of the Church of England. downsizing of opponents Henrys religious policies put in some opposition in England, and such rebels found ready backing from the feudal barons who grudged Henry for curtailing their powers.Henry charged with treason and executed the dissenters, the prominent ones being John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, Henrys former Lord Chancellor. A major(ip) resistance was the Pilgrimage of Grace, a large uprising in northern England that skint out in October 1536. Henry, instead of relying on his nobles and barons to crush the rebels, as his predecessors did personally took the field, and by a combination of force and tact, trap the rebel leader Robert Aske, arrested the rebels and executed them for treason.The suppression of the opponents of Henrys religious policy, gas with Henrys method of silencing his different(a)wise enemies ensued that he could rule virtually unopposed and led to a strong monarchy in England.. Development of the navy Henry VIIIs efforts at ontogenesis the kingly Navy freed the monarchy from plyiction on feudal vassals, and besides raise his prestige and power and further strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration. (D. M. Loades, 1992)Henry established the Royal Navy in order to ward off dangers of a Papal excite invasion from the seas from France or Spain. He invested in shipbuilding, dockyards, and naval innovations such as the use of canons. He also strengthened the costal defenses and built fortresses at costal areas usi ng the materials of demolished monasteries. This reduced the kings dependence on private ships to ward off external dangers and thereby further strengthened the monarchy at the expense of up to now powerful merchants, barons, and clergy.Henrys ships played a big role in England curtailment the Spanish Armada during Henrys missy Queen Elizabeths reign, an event that led to side supremacy of the worlds seas. External conquests Henrys desire to strengthen the monarchy and create a strong and alter state resulted in his developing imperial ambitions within the British Isles. He annexed Wales to England and strengthened his hold over Ireland. Henry claimed feudal superiority over Scotland as a function of his imperial title to the position Crown, and defeated Scotland in the battle of Solway Moss in November 1541 C.E. Henry forced the accord of Greenwich upon Scotland and communicate a union of the Scottish and English crowns by marrying the Scottish prince Edward and his daughte r bloody shame Stuart. Scotland however remained a French ally, and Henry struck a deal with Charles V of Spain to attack France in 1544. He come with the army to Calais and took personal command of his strategy. The Treaty of Camp of June 1546 that ended the war saw England retain Boulogne until 1554, when the French would buy it back for 600,000.Though the war per se was costly and insound, it did add to Henrys honor and bolstered his reputation as an unquestioning monarch. Analysis Henry VIIIs efforts to strengthen the monarchy resulted in England developing into a strong and stable state, free from the ill-definedening and distracting influence of feudal barons, powerful nobles and clergy. His strong intervention in the running of the state not only ensured a unflurried break from Rome and gave England a case identity, but also avoided religious wars and other distracting civil war.He conditioned the nobility to service the Crown and subordinated the clergy to the secula r State. He primed(p) the foundation for a modern and centralized state, and even the distant parts of his commonwealth began to experience the power of the monarchy. The remarkable feature of his reign is that even though he created a strong central state with the active intervention of the monarch, he enhance the power of the parliament, by making common law superior to all other types of law and bringing people to date excluded from the legal process into its fold.The biggest beneficiary of this stableness was trade, which prospered and added to the wealth of the nation. Henry established a progressive system of taxation that greatly enhanced state finances. A naturalise of though led by scholars ilk A. F. Pollard regard Henry VIII as a weak man who took decisions based on the influence of ministers like Thomas Cromwell, and that his dominance remained confined to his wives, ministers and policy-making institutions.This opinion however does not turn tail much weight, and hi storical accounts articulate Henry VIII as king with a charismatic presence and as a dynamic political force whose views his ministers and the government accommodated rather than the other way round. Henry also exerted a powerful influence as supreme head of the Church of England, not merely by upshot decrees at will, but by spicy Cranmer and panels of expert theologians in a taxonomic and academic exchange of opinions. The only denunciation that holds against Henry VIII is that he was s a supreme egotist who sometimes allowed passion and not reason to govern his actions.This criticism however does not watch him ineffective or discount the event that he was one of the most effective and remarkable rulers to sit on the English throne, and greatly strengthened the role of the monarch in the government. Conclusion Henry VIII raised the power of the monarchy and thereby not only transformed a weak medieval government into a more contemporary and strong one, but also gave England the much needed peace, stability and motionless succession of future monarchs, all of which enabled her to capture a superpower by the time of Queen Elizabeth.