Administrative Theories in Public Administration Essay

I sw whollyow neer thought that administrative theories in unrestricted Administration has been established back in 1800 with idealogue who go for discovered or developed and instanter has been disrupt of the brass of the Philippine government. The earliest contributors to our understanding of vigilance theory included practicing managers as surface as social scientist. More new-fangled theoretician has tended to be academic or trouble consultants. The early theorist faecal matter be split up into 2 primary(prenominal) groups the practicing managers such, as Taylors and Fayol and the social scientists, such as Mayo and Mc Gregor.Meet the Mr. Taylor, the theorist of scientific Management. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), one of the early applicative manager-theorist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, spent the greater part of his life working on the problems of achieving greater capacity on the shop-floor where he manages. The solution he came up with was establish directly on his own dumbfound at work, initi all toldy as a shop floor actor and posterior as a manager. He pioneers scientific management which includes The systematic teach of the relationships betwixt and capers to redesign the work for higher efficiency.Taylor seek to reduce the time a worker spent on separately task by optimizing the instruction the task was done. Scientific Management Theory Organizations were seeking slipway to better satisfy customer inevitably Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix According to him, in that location atomic number 18 4 Principles to increase efficiency that are a. Study the way the job is performed now and determine new ways to do it. Gather detailed, time and motion discipline try different methods to see which is enlightenper b.Codify the method into rules Teach to all workers c. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in step2 d. Establish a fair aim of work and pay for higher performance Workers should benefit from higher output But, Taylor recognizes that the measures he was proposing would appear to be more than proficient a new method they would be revolutionary. He stated that the outset that scientific management would require a fuck mental revolution on the part of management and workers.Henry Fayol (1841-1924) father of current management theory He divided industrial into 6 groups technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting & angstrom managerial And formulated the 14 Principles of management which we are using it every day in our daily activities, allow me to cast them and roughlyhow expand a little. year of Labor allows for job specialization, Authority and responsibility Fayol noted firms can have as well much specialization leading to inadequate quality and worker involvement. Unity of ensure employees should have one boss.Line of indorsement a clear chain from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization the degree to which office staff rests at the very top. Unity of watchfulness one plan of action to result the arrangement. Equity treat all employees passably in justice and respect. Order each employee is put where they have the most order. enterprisingness encourages innovation. Discipline obedient, applied, respectful employees needed. Remuneration of staff office The payment system contributes to the success. Stability of temper long term employment is important. universal concern over personal interest the organization takes precedence over the individual. Esprit de corps share enthusiasm or homage to the organization. I have added here some of the theorist I researched which I regard to be worth sharing. Mary Parker an potent leader in early managerial theory. a. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements b. The worker knows the high hat way to improve the job c. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should avow the task. The Hawthorne StudiesIt appears that the workers enjoyed the vigilance they received as part of the study and were more productive. Contingency Theory Assumes there is no one best way to manage The environment impact the organization and managers must be flexible to act to environmental changes The way the organization is designed, control systems selected, depend on the environment decisiveness As management theories evolved in centuries, the principles and ideas were never changed yet it has been a guiding value to those who are in public nor cliquish service and to those who are employed and transmission line people.Its amazing how they have passed on to many generations of people who wanted to look and use the theories. The theories have been explicit in explanations and user-friendly, though there are theorists who have presented different thoughts on the earlier theorist but if we examine deeply, its all the same, only presented in diffe rent design. onwards I end, I would just equivalent to emphasize the last part of the theories because it speaks approximately our relationship with the environment and how we will interrelate environmental, Technological environments change rapidly so must managers.

'Guns Should Not Be Banned in the US Essay\r'

'Just a few weeks agone a man with the name rapture Lanza adjudicated to snap the artillery units of his take and take the life of 20 children and 8 adults, including his mother’s and his witness. This atrocity hasn’t been the starting line one. In the weeks since the messacre, shooter ensure supporters piss called for a new federal startlaw on assault weapons and for reductions in the build of secret- be given permits issued to private citizens. How eer, to blame assault weapons for this disaster come tos as much sense as blaming airplanes for the 9-11 attacks. The problem lies with the perpetrator, not the tool employ to commit the offensive activity. It is an illusion that further weapon control subscribe protect the land since no law, no matter how restrictive, house protect us from people who decide to commit rough criminal offenses. Guns should never be outlaw in the United enjoins, because the willpower of flatulencys ultimately bac k ups improve eitherday safety. corporal in the Second Amendment to the Constitution is the loyalty that self-governing individuals should decl be the responsibility for support themselves. The Amendment states, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, universe necessary to the security of a surrender State, the just of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”\r\nMany modify controversies in regard to the Second Amendment exhaust been generated among legal scholars. The close to vigorous deliberate among all is the correct meaning of the phrase. or so argue that the right of bearing fortify just now applies collectively to those in the militia. However, Pratt indicates that umteen scholars ignore the foundational principles in the Amendment, including the law of self-government and the right of self-defense. His argument is supported by a quote from one insane asylum father, â€Å"a primary law of nature, which . . . (is] the present(prenominal) gift of the Creator.” Pratt indicates that, self-defense is a God-given right that is unalienable and incapable of being surrendered or transferred. Many pro gun control supporters adhere to the belief that the availability of guns make groundless wickedness happen and, to a giganticer extent importantly, that criminal violence in customary ass be undertaked by limiting access to firearms. This is a testable a posteriori proposition. Research shows that disarming the populace has not reduced criminal violence.\r\nFor example, in Washington, D.C. and new-fangled York City, severe gun control laws had been applied, even so Washington D.C. is the â€Å"murder capital of the US” and New York City ranks among the most stark places in the country. In both cities, violent criminals can easily puzzle the most deadly weapons on the streets within minutes. efficacious scholar John Lott presents the most pu rely comprehensive data abstract ever done on crime statist ics and right-to-carry laws. Lott had sit down the agenda on the impact of guns on crime in America by creating a massive dataset of all 3,054 counties in the United States during 18 years from 1977 with 1994. He proposed a powerful statistical argument that state laws enabling citizens to carry concealed handguns had reduced crime (18).\r\n in that respect atomic number 18 two reasons why concealed handgun laws reduce violent crime. First, they reduce the round of attempted crimes because criminals atomic number 18 obscure about the possibility of potential victims support themselves. Second, victims with possession of guns are in a much better position to uphold them. Lott also presented the strong negative birth between the number of law-abiding citizens with permits and the crime rate, which declines as more people obtain permits (59). The ultimate question that concerns everyone is whether allowing law-abiding citizens to own guns will save more continues or not. Whi le there are more or less anecdotal stories illustrating both good and severely uses of guns, Lott answered this question by illustrating his data analysis and conclude the net effect.\r\nThis timely and intriguing work comes to the startling conclusion: more guns mean less crime. Possessing guns is one of the major(ip) methods for citizens to defense themselves. Some people whitethorn use guns in illegal ways, except more abide the purpose of baring horrible things from happening to them. Making guns illegal will primarily disarm peaceful citizens. At the same time, criminals will always notice the weapons they need to carry out their crime. This land site leaves a green light for violent criminals to attack everyone, leaving potential victims defenseless. all(prenominal) day, thousands of peaceful Americans successfully use guns to fight themselves. A study conducted by Florida State University criminologist Gary Kleck found that Americans use guns defendingly 2.5 o ne thousand million times a year found on 16 national surveys of samples of the U.S. population. earlier to Kleck’s study, thirteen other surveys indicated a range of between 800,000 to 2.5 million defensive gun uses annually.\r\nGiven that there are far more gun-owning crime victims than there are gun-owning criminals and that victimization is spread out over different victims while anger is among a relatively small number of offenders, Kleck arrived at the conclusion that defensive gun uses are substantially more parking area than criminal gun uses (102). This claim has been repeatedly confirmed, and remains one of the most consistently supported assertions in the guns-violence research area. through and through years of research, Kleck has found strong rise that â€Å"crime victims who use guns during a crime are less plausibly to be injured or killed, and less likely to lose property than crime victims who lead any other strategy, including non-resistance.” The intent of near advocates of gun control can be misinforming.\r\nAs the debate over the 1976 regularize of Columbia gun ban demonstrates, â€Å"gun control” often covers for a hole-and-corner(a) agenda. British Cabinet papers declassify in 1969-70 demonstrate that contrary to claims do in Parliamentary debates, the intent of the Firearms issue 1920 was not to reduce or prevent crime, but to prevent a feared bolshy revolution in Britain. Direct statements by members of the Cabinet demonstrate an intent to mislead the public about their objectives. There are reasons other than the possession of guns that could cause the lavishly frequency of shooting. Being one of them, Cramer’s article, Ethical problems of mass murder insurance insurance coverage in the mass media examines the way in which statistically disproportionate coverage of mass murders by Newsweek and condemnation from 1984 to 1991 encouraged at least one copycat crime, and may have caused others. Cramer uses a copycat crime Joseph Wesbecker convicted after Patrick Purdy as an example.\r\nInitial coverage of Purdy’s crime was relatively restrained, and only the essential details were reported. But a week later, Patrick Purdy’s name move to receive press attention, and consequently his fame increased. Articles referencing Purdy or his crime continued to appear in for many months. On September 14, 1989, Joseph Wesbecker, utilise the exact same weapon as Purdy did, conducted a massacre of his own. After information about the destructive power of Patrick Purdy’s weapon, Wesbecker clipped out a February Time magazine article on some of Purdy’s exploits, in order to separate the gun to a gun dealer. Fame and opprobrium are in an ethical sense, opposites. Functionally, they are nearly identical. The human need to maintain human nobility, and to denounce human depravity, has caused us to devote tremendous attention, both learned and popular, to por traying the polar opposites of good and evil.\r\nThe following of fame can lead people to acts of great courage and nobility. It can also lead to acts of great savagery. Other than the long-time debates on gun control law itself, it is necessary for the public to think about other issues regarding public safety. In all cases, gun bans have been ineffective, expensive, and even counter-productive. If properly issued, registered, monitored and stored, guns will help defense US citizens’ safety. The fact is that we live in a dangerous world and the government cannot protect us for every single minute. We must ultimately rely upon ourselves and only by having the necessary tools can we make it realizable. Therefore, guns should never be banned in the United States.\r\n'

'Crime in the 21st Century: Technology and Terrorism Essay\r'

'It is an accepted f characterization that globalisation has been a dominant cultivation of the 21st carbon. unitedly with globalization, the major criminal flush toiletcelledenses in the 21st nose shadowerdy became also global in ambit and nature. The website constitution-traccc. gmu. edu/ (2008) cited Louise I. Shelley, Director of George Mason University School of earthly concern Policy as saying that â€Å"Terrorists and multinational crime groups exit proliferate beca influence these crime groups ar major beneficiaries of globalization. They take givefulness of increased travel, trade, quick money movements” (1st para. ). ground from the statement, the major crimes in the 21st century in the\r\n akins of Sept. 11, 2001 of World Trade kernel and the subsequent activities of Al Queda were considered as terrorist-related crimes. act of act of act of terrorism which is domestic in nature was define by www. tfft. co. uk (2008) through Boaz Ganor, an e xpert in the same field as â€Å"the knowledgeable use of, or threat to use violence against civilians or against civilian targets, in order to observe governmental aims. ”(1st para. ). establish on the definition, the target victims of domestic terrorism were the local population of a picky community or communities within a country.\r\nKofi Annan, the UN Secretary General define planetary terrorism as â€Å"any sue intended to kill or sternly harm civilians or non-combatants, with the purpose of intimidate a population or induce action by a presidency or worldwide organization” (â€Å" give-and-take of definitions and the possibility of amalgamation”, 4th par. ). In both definitions, the use of violence, the target are individuals or a country or an internationalist organization and the purpose is to attain political objectives were the salient points. Related to use of violence against individuals or an international organization, view in 9/11\r\n outpouring will tell us that the regard of terrorist act is much intense when it was make in a surprise manner. In this age of great technological advancement, it is irresponsible for a brass to use engineering science to pre- empt terrorist acts which usually result to great destruction of lives and properties. In order to promote scramment of anti-terrorism applied science, the US Congress after the 9/11 has acted decisively and passed the Support Anti- terrorist act by Fostering Effective Technologies (SAFETY) locomote. This act provides protection to sellers, manufacturers, distri moreoverors and providers of hi-tech anti-terrorism gadgets\r\nand instruments. As a result, around 200 different companies were awarded the SAFETY Act certification. (Cafarano, 2008). This paper aims to document the availability of the in vogue(p) high applied science instruments, what is the principle keister much(prenominal) instrument and elucidate how the regime is apply the gadg ets to 2 pre-empt surprise terrorist glide paths. It was mentioned by Louise I. Shelley, Director of George Mason University School of humans Policy that terrorists usually use the benefits of globalization related to increased travel, trade and rapid money movements.\r\nThis was the reason why terrorists were incessantly associated with urban centers, potes, airplanes, airports and places where hatful usually congregate. The interest are the popular ant- terrorism gadgets so far invented: The Anti Human-Bomb Bus In Israel and Iraq, the suicide bomber is one of the just about deadly threats to innocent citizens. Numerous barroom techniques have been developed to talk this problematical threat. According to Holmes, et al (2005), in Israel passenger vehicle system, a bran- parvenue engine room aimed at preventing suicide bombers from tabular arraying a bus was invented and existence utilise at present.\r\nThis is achieved by discovering explosives from approaching pas sengers. Developed by Israeli Military Industries, the system takes the traffic pattern of turnstile fitted with shield sensors. The sensors bottomland detect explosives at a distance of up to a meter from the bus. When the sensor detect a suspicious passenger, the turnstile remains blocked and a red warning light source flashes stuffy the bus driver. A green light flashes when a boarding passenger is not a threat. Another turnstile at the tush of the bus allows passenger to get off the rear but not board it in cases of emergencies. The bus windows\r\nwere bullet and shrapnel †test copy and a communication system goat allow the driver to talk to waiting passengers outside and call for help in emergencies. A bus with these features costs $25,000. 00. Rapi skim off aerodrome S bay windowner This technology was developed as an answer to the improvements considered with neutron and ion detector technology ( empanel on Assessment of the Practicality of Pulsed Fast Neutron t ransmittance Spectroscopy for zephyr Security, 2008) According to the Panel, the drawback of the deuce technology instruments earlier developed is that it cannot detect explosives and other materials if hidden under will cover and plastic materials.\r\nAccording to Holmes, et al , the instrument was called Rapiscan Secure 1000 and function by scanning the passenger like a virtual(prenominal) strip search. The appliance uses a low-level reflective roentgenogram technology to scan a individual’s body through their garment thus showing clearly sur expect objects like guns and explosives wrapped in plastics. accomplished liberties advocates were opposed in using it collectable to the virtual strip effect. The technology has been considered for exacting use in airports. The potential of people being embarrassed due to virtual strip effect of the scanner can be avoided by separating the male from female.\r\nThe examiner This is an mature form of Explosive perception Sys tem (explosive detection system) and is currency being used in the Middle East although the technology is still being perfected in the US according to Holmes,et al. The instrument is called the inspector 3DX600 and being used to detect explosives in baggage and not from people. This instrument uses advanced Computer Tomography that result to pure(a) 3D image reconstruction of correct bags and analyzes any potential hazards from the baggage without the need for opening it. This reduces the likelihood of exposure of supply to hazardous stuff inside the baggage.\r\n. This EDS can completely and continuously scan over 500 bags an hour. Radio relative frequency Identification (RFID) engineering science and Biometrics This new system is called US-VISIT. It scans photographs of the visitor’s face and index finger into a reckoner and matched with the criminal data base of the national agencies. According to infowars. com (2005), the RFID technology practically is an lightles s automatic ID prepare by the government and has long been needed in choked parade system of most countries curiously the US. With RIFD technology, people or objects are place automatically and swiftly.\r\nThe technology allow vehicles fitted out with the technology to pass through damage plazas without stopping but will be stopped in phones if their identifying data progress to red flags; if otherwise, they will just be stopped for a brief check without lengthy questioning. The website declared that â€Å"U. S. officials want to agree if the same technology that speeds cars through avenue tolls and identifies lost pets can unclog border crossings without compromising security department”. As vocalisation of the biometric data base, foreign visitors at the 50 busiest land border crossings in 10 states of the US are now being fingerprinted.\r\nThe chips with identifying information will be rigid in a document such as the State Department issued border crossing car ds for those making secureness short trips across the Mexican border. The chips can also be attached to an barbel that transmit data to a take hold or stationary reader which thusly converts the radio waves from the RFID tag into a work out that links to identifying biometric information in a computer database of border agents. The use of biostatistics which involve the physiological and behavioral characteristics for acknowledgment purposes has been initiated by the US to enhance security and identification (Batch, et al, 2006).\r\nThere 4 were considerations except related to its wide scale entreaty like its practicality and social impact which run afoul on self’s autonomy. To address the concerns, the NRC and the CIA were undertaking comprehensive assessments on ongoing biometric capabilities and future possibilities. Summary and Conclusion It was document that 21st century crimes were mostly international terrorism in nature and can be linked to advances in te chnology and globalization especially with the ease of international travel and readily available financing through electronic money transfers. Since terrorists were using the\r\ntechnological advances in doing their crimes to achieve their political aims, the countries were also doing its best to encourage companies and individuals to develop technologically advanced gadgets to pre-empt surprise attacks which were the precise common style of terrorist activities. In the US, a total of over 200 companies were registered and condition the incentive of being free from wakeless suit and damages for them to continue their descent of inventing instruments aimed at pre-empting terrorism. Only a a few(prenominal) newly invented gadgets were available in literature. A number of them being done by the 200 companies\r\naccording to unwritten sources were extremely confidential in nature and thereof no literature yet are available. This was being done by the US Defense Department so that the terrorist themselves will be surprised that their planned acts of terrorism has been long monitored and therefore will hold twice before implementing their plan. Surprise attack and defense has been the name of the game against terrorists. The new gadgets documented in this paper were animated proof that government is not crashing(a) their eyes even for a molybdenum and forever and a day several steps forwards of terrorist plans. The government was aware that\r\nterrorism cannot be stopped and can only be prevented from happening for the time being but the plan and danger will always be there as experient in 9/11 bombing. Terrorism is man- do and the inspiration which fuel terrorist acts is a product of an insane mind. This cowardice act can only survive in a society which is ill- prepared and whose ideals were brumous by the blinding light of success and achievements. After the 9/11 incident, we can no longer judge the set of one country towards terrorism. The techno logical advances made it possible to hide all the preparations and bumptiousness in the pretext that\r\neverything is topsy-turvy and no one dares to make the first move. Technology will save us all. 5 References Batch, K. , Millett, L. , and Pato, J. (2006). Summary of a Workshop on the Technology, Policy, and Cultural Dimensions of Biometric Systems. Washington. National Academy of Sciences. 62 pp. Cafarano, J. (2008). Backgrounder #213: trash Terrorism, Addressing Liability: A worldwide Proposal. May 21, 2008. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www. heritage. org/ explore/NationalSecurity/bg2138. cfm Holmes, A. , Abarra, O. , Chamberlain, A. , Chan, W.\r\n, Ho, K. , Hsiao, A. , Von Lendeiner, J. and Nusibeth, Z. (2005). Technologies for Fighting Terrorism. 2004/2005. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www. tfft. co. uk/Files/Report. pdf Infowars. com (2005). Radio Technology to Fight Terrorism. TechNewsWorld. February 5, 2005. Retrieved November 9, 2008 from http://www. infowars. com/articles/bb/radio_tech_to_fight_terrorism. htm Panel on Assessment of the Practicality of Pulsed Fast Neutron transmission Spectroscopy for Aviation Security, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council (1999).\r\nThe Practicality of Pulsed Fast Neutron Transmission Spectroscopy for Aviation Security. Washington. National Academy of Sciences. 58 pp. Shelley, L. (2008). TraCC: prone to understanding of crime scope and causes and to formulating policy to reduce the problem. George Mason University School of creation Policy. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://policy-traccc. gmu. edu/ Tfft. co. uk. (ca 2007). Discussion of definitions and the possibility of amalgamation. Technologies for Fighting Terrorism. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www. tfft. co. uk/ApproachEnd. htm\r\n'

'Journals for as I Lay Dying Essay\r'

'Most authors give small expatiate with kayoed the myth of where and when a story takes range, and the indorser moldiness put the bits together. As I write d proclaim destruction is no exception and comparable whatever oppositewise book gives some examples of setting. First dour you tramp tell that the story takes place m each years ago through simple statements effrontery throughout the clean. For example, when it adduces that all of the women inside of the ho intent had to subprogram fans to cool themselves it suggests that air conditioning was non more than or less that, therefore it was an earlier measure. (Page 81) to a fault throughout the absolute beginning of the novel interchange’s and tools for building Addie’s pose argon a dictum and hammer, there is no mention of any(prenominal) invigorateder power tools. past when Anse is lecture to some of the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) men rough transporting Addie’s plac e a function mentions that the link was built keystone when his early child was innate(p) in 1988. (83) Also on page 83 when the flooding of said bridge is illustrious some integrity comments on how they had to float their horses across the water to get to Anse’s house. This shows that the novel took place many years ago in the late(a) 1800’s when people relied on horses to get approximately.\r\nAlso whenever any iodine mentions transportation they talk intimately their wagons aka: They travel in wagons because cars do non exist yet. The final piece of evidence which shows the story took place some time back is when silver is lastly finishing Addie’s put at night in the effusive rain and he has to use a lantern to pass in the dark. (Page 57) It shows that this novel took place before flashlights were around because bills had to give up his raincoat to go forward the lantern dry and lit whereas if this had taken place at a more current time he wo uld acquit used a flashlight and unbroken himself dry. The time frame which this story takes place remain consist just now the place changes as the novel progresses. In the beginning we lead that the Bundruns house sits solely right in front of a passage (page 35) Then later when doctor Pea carcass pursues to visit we learn that they live atop a hand (page 41) another(prenominal) issue noted is that the Bundruns consume a dear amount of property for their limited funds and they get their own barn house as well. (Page 38).\r\n by and by the story takes place on the road as the Bundruns actualise their way towards Jefferson. One of the many examples of this is on page 156 when Anse mentions the slippery dirt road and the difficulties it mogul pose for the remainder of their travel. diary 2 and 3: go is a search tools=cash Addie= place Anse unable to smooth blankets page 51 jewl’s spawn is a horse and is what was 95 The weight plays a symbolic role in part Var daman understand remnant. â€Å"It was not her because it was laying right yon in the dirt. And right impinge on it’s all chopped up. I chopped it up. It’s laying in the kitchen in the bleeding pan, waiting to be cooked and ate. Then it wasn’t and she was, and now it is and she wasn’t” (66-67). This was Vardaman’s saucer-eyed explanation for his mother’s expiration.\r\nThis quote conveys how the imagek was a fish lying in the dirt, now it is no languisher a fish because it no longer has a body. Similarly when Addie is laid to stick in her coffin her body provide be no more. By his mother dying if â€Å" exchange nails the box up”, his mother will no longer be his mother (66).Addie â€Å"was” a fish rather than â€Å"is” a fish. The fish symbolizes Addie’s death to Vardaman in a maven that physical existence conveys existence. Throughout the beginning sections of the novel, Cash has always bee n exposit as sawing or hammering. The tools thus fartually start to gift Cash himself. In fact before any unmatchable steady weigh’s Cash the sawing and the hammering of his tools ar heard first. Cash is very static and unyielding on the moreoverton wish his tools. opus Cash was constructing the coffin with his tools counterbalance when it began to rain, Cash continued to work. â€Å"Cash deeds on…dynamic immobility above his tireless elbow…It begins to rain…in an instant Cash is wet to the skin. Yet the motion of the saw has not faltered, as though it and the arm functioned in self-possessed conviction that the rain was an illusion of the mind” (77).\r\nBy having the saw not falter, Cash’s steady, stable character is portrayed He is the level headed and some sane of all of the Bundruns. The tools themselves arrayed Cash’s true identity. If the tools were lost or not beside him he felt lost. When he’s not safel y with his tools he loses his sanity. New teeth symbolize Anse’s selfishness. even so while everyone is gathered around his married woman’s death bed, he layabout just now calculate about getting ahold of forward- aspect teeth.” perfection’s will be make,” he says, â€Å" direct I can get them teeth” (52). Anse displays selfishness by his bluntness. He simply states what’s done is done and then focuses on himself. He is constantly putt the needs, and desires of his children aside and focusing on his own wants. Even Dewy dells abortion is second to him. Anse’s incisively life goal/motive throughout the novel is to get a pair of new teeth, even his goal to slide down his own married woman where he promised comes in second to getting his new teeth. He except wantes to bury Addie in Jefferson out of his own selfish reasons.\r\nThe teeth represent his selfishness because at any time when everyone else is worried about Add ie, he is not; he is off thinking about new teeth. He does not even come across remotely upset at losing his wife sort of he fantasizes about teeth. muffin’s kindred with his horse represents his relationship with his mother. Darl makes fun of Jewel and says his mother is a horse, suggesting that what Jewel feels for the horse is what he feels for his mother.(page 51) Jewel does act violently toward his horse, but it should be noted that Jewl’s character is one of violence. Jewel was born as the result of violence because of what Addie wanted from preacher Whitfield. Jewel’s monologues show the violent images in his mind. He has a stronger person-to-personity than any of the other Bundruns and people see to fear him.\r\nHe even expresses his love for Addie through Violence when He stands on high hill and throws rocks at people trim below. It is also important to remember that it is Jewel who violently and single-handedly saves Addie from the river and the fire.(page 203) These acts show his love for his mother. Even though at generation it is hard to believe he ever had love for his mother, like when he refuses to say goodbye to her when he knows it is the last time her will ever see her. He simply can’t express his emotions except in symbols of violence, and the raging loving; violent relationship with the horse is what provides brain wave into his character.\r\nTherefore his horse symbolizes the love he has for his mother and suggests the violent circumstances of his birth. Addie’s coffin comes to represent the family’s dysfunction. Cash is obsessed with getting the measurements right, yet the coffin remains unbalanced. Likewise all of the Bundruns themselves argon unbalanced. Addie wants a coffin sturdy enough to control her body gets to Jefferson, the city she has demanded she be buried in. Addie’s demand is selfish and she does not care for how over more than trouble it will cause her family. Cas h breaks his oarlock when he goes after the coffin in the river and suffers much(prenominal) pain.\r\nThe youngest child Vardaman drills holes into the coffin accidentally drilling devil holes into his mother’s face because he thinks she can’t breathe. (page 71) later eight days, the odor emanating from the coffin is putrid. It is al about as if the coffin is a jinx.(page 239) The coffin begins to symbolize the family’s dysfunction because all of the ill-starred and tragic things that occur to the Bundruns surround the coffin. Burying the coffin symbolizes the return to normalcy. Although the Bundruns sport normalcy is sending Darl off to a mental institution and finding a new Mrs. Bundren.\r\nOne important and symbolic consequence is when Addie was nearing her death and Anse is unable to smooth the blankets over her on page 51. This shows just how much their marriage had collapsed and how weeny they cared for each other. Anse has no true love for his wi fe in his heart, therefore caring acts such(prenominal) as smoothing her blankets while she is on her deathbed do not come naturally to him. Addie has no love for Anse either and she solo glares at Anse as he attempts to smooth her blankets. She does not want his touch or him in the populate even. Also in this scene when Addie finally passes Dewey Dell reacts emotionally and throws herself on her mother and Vardiman and Cash both react with some sadness as well. While Anse’s thoughts still seem to be stuck on teeth, he does not even comment just on his wife’s death he only tells Dewey Dell to go along and make supper and goes to once again awkwardly cover Addie with a blanket and try to smooth it.\r\nJournal 4: figurative language\r\nWilliam Faulkner has a different indite style than most other authors, even his use of figurative language is one of his own. Something that stands out about his use of figurative language is that nine times out of ten he uses it to de scribe nature. For example, Faulkner uses a simile to show that an entire day has passed in only 1 ½ pages. He uses the position of the cheer to show that it is already evening. â€Å"The sun, an hour above the horizon, is equanimous like a bloody egg upon a c abide of thunderheads.” (page 39) Another thing one readiness notice about Faulkner’s technique is that he tends to compare people, objects, or characteristics with animals. One example of this is when Faulkner compares Anse to a peter. â€Å"His hair was pushed back and matted up on his head like a dipped rooster”. (pg. 43) This was when Addie was very near to death and many neighbors were visit her on her deathbed.\r\nAnse is outside on the porch standing alone, and zoned out in his own world. Faulkner uses this simile to show just how much Addie’s sickness/almost death has affected Anse. The commentator gets the image of just how much stress Anse has been put under. (Although his anxiousn ess probably has a little more to do with getting new teeth than Addie) Another simile in As I Lay Dying is when the women’s chatting culmination from inside the house is compared to the buzzing of bees. â€Å"The women’s talk was buzzing like bees in a bucket from inside the house.” (pg. 81) The author is comparing the women’s talking to bee’s to show how much more deadly and quickly they are chatting and gossiping as argue to the men’s calmer, slower, and more series conversation. Journal 8: In its broadest terms, the structure of As I Lay Dying revolves around the preparations for and the actual journeying from the Bundren farm to a town forty miles out in order to bury Addie Bundren.\r\nAlso, like most novels during the journey, several conflicts arise and the Bundruns must solve through them. So, in one sense, the novel has a bilinear structure based upon their traveling 40 miles from their mountain home to Jefferson to fulfill Addie’s dying wish, but the novel is also structured in such a way that the author has virtually aloof himself from the story and it is the characters telling the story. There are on the button fifty-nine chapters in the novel and each is narrated by a character Faulkner accomplishes many things through his unique(p) use of structure. For one thing he forces the lecturer to submerge themselves in the story. Because he has removed himself as a narrator there is no one straight point of view to explain essences or ideas and the lecturer has to compare the different opinions and differing viewpoints from all of the characters and place for themselves the significance of a particular event.\r\nAnother thing different about his technique is that it allows us to see the inner thoughts of ALL the characters rather than just one main characters. We see into the mind of each character directly and must analyze what we find there. He does not give any background information on a ny of his characters; instead the reader must examine characters inner thoughts and on their own look on what type of characters they are. Along with this we are able to see each event from many different perspectives. With two-fold narrations the reader can see each event from all of the differing viewpoints and observe how each character saw it and their own opinion on it. Because of this ,we learn more about the character.\r\nHis unique style lets the reader bugger off a part of the novel by conscription them in more and forcing them to piece together their own idea of what each characters personality is like. Another raise thing about Faulkner’s style is that he is careful to include outside narrators to remind the reader that the Bundruns are not typical people. For example, all of the other characters find it absurd that Anse is going to drag his wife’s dead body such a long distance and they find it disrespectful to her middle for him not to bury her as so on and as conveniently as possible.\r\nIf the story were confined to only the Bundruns points of view, the reader would not realize that this dead body stinks so badly and that the Bundruns are violating basic ethical motive by transporting the body such a long distance. The outside narrators give the novel a sense of the real world. In conclusion the book does have a central problem involving Addie’s necessitate to be buried and her family determination to fulfill it, and then the structure of the novel forces the reader to solve these problems for themselves by analyzing each character. Journal 9 and 10: gravestone passages\r\nâ€Å"He did not know that he was dead.” (P. 173)\r\nAfter Addie gave birth to Cash, she closed herself off to Anse. To Addie, her husband Anse was dead. This is unmingled even in the beginning of the novel because one can sense the barrier between Addie and Anse. Addie has no interest in anything Anse says and does not even wish to see him in her final hours. Anse on the other hand does not even care about his wife’s death because he is absorbed with getting new teeth. After Addie gave birth to Cash she starts to feel like Anse has taken her identity forth from her, and that now she cannot be her own person because she is laboured to be part of a family. She resents Anse for this. She also resents the appendix of being part of a family. This is why she feels like her â€Å"aloneness has been violated.” This is also the reason for Addie’s contest with Whitfield †to rebel against her role in the family.\r\nIt is her own personal revenge against Anse. The product was Jewel. She then begins to share a special connection with Jewl. Darl and Cash belonged to Anse and she never in reality wanted them. Having them in the first place was truly just about her duty as a wife. But Anse isn’t Jewel’s find; therefore, Jewel is Addie’s and only Addie’s. To her, Jewl is li ving inference that she was able to break out of her position as the wife and act as an independent person. sometimes I think it aint none of us vestal crazy and aint none of us pure sane until the balance of us talks him that-a-way. It’s like it aint so much what a fellow does, but it’s the way the majority of folks is looking at him when he does it.\r\nPage 248 This is said from Cash’s point of view, and is his opinion on whether or not Darl is Insane. Cash starts to contemplate what IS sanity exactly? Who is to determine what is and isn’t sane, what if what others might consider insanity is really just Darl’s refusal to conform to the hearty norms? When you consider all of the misery the Bundruns mission to bury Addie has created from beginning to end you may start to think that perhaps Darl is not insane. The entire bunch of the Bundruns were crazy, antidromic and could in someone else’s opinion be considered insane.\r\nJewl is unne cessarily violent, Dewy Dell is a whore, Anse is unbelievably selfish, and even little Vardamin is out of sorts. Cash notes that maybe Darl is the only one declared insane because the rest of his family’s opinions outnumber his. This goes all the way back to the very beginning of the family’s dysfunctions starting with when Anse’s marriage with Addie fell apart and then Addie’s health failed. Throughout the entire book the Bundruns seem to have trouble getting along until finally the coffin is buried and they seem to return to their version of normal. Journals 5 and 6\r\nOne of the most frank elaborateness techniques Faulkner uses is his writing style. It is written as a stream of consciousness, and it is so skillfully done that it adds abstruseness to the novel. As I lay dying is told from sixfold perspectives, and each chapter is narrated by a different character. Faulkner’s virtuosity is seen by the way he adjusts his style to hold the min d of each individual narrator. The reader is wedded more detail for each event because they are able to view the event from multiple perspectives. Faulkner has very skillfully imitated the way the human brain processes images and puts them into words. The reader is really placed inside the various characters’ heads. This rhetoric technique lets the reader experience the book as if they are omnisciently viewing the events themselves. Faulkner uses a lot of repeating in As I Lay dying to get certain points across.\r\n'

'Career Plan building Activity\r'

'My work polish results showed that I am well resourced, high powered, and teamwork centered. I noticed that these results were par in allel with my interest profiler and competencies results. I was ball over by being considered as high powered. I have never really been a somewhatone who wants a lot of responsibility. I have been a lead person on a past(a) Job experience. I had the opportunity to be the executive program but I didnt apply for it due to affright of failure.I do on the other hand sum with the fact of high salaries, cargoner advancement, and career development. It was revealed to me that some of my better strengths are adhering to values and coping with pressure. It was not hard for me to believe the part about adhering to my values. That is something I do believe in along with ethics. plainly I didnt think that coping with pressure would bewilder out as a strength. I profess coping with pressure became a strength for me because I try my hardest to allow som ethings go and not let people now that it may have fazed me. deep down the teamwork centered portion of the work culture results, It showed that I work in a close knitwork team, have lots of Interdependence, and that I am favour fitted and supportive of colleagues. I agree with this whole heartedly. I try to be an overall helpful person. Anyone who knows me knows that I am all for the team, if there Is positivist involved. Within the well-resourced section it stated that I like unafraid places to work, well-designed and comfortable places to work.As for the career plan I was able to see different positions that may suite me concord to the results. Some of the careers I never would imagine doing then(prenominal) on the other hand there are some that I would do. These things include being a lawyer, Judge, librarian, curator, archivists, material recording, and scheduling, dispatching and distributing workers. Now some of these careers I did all In one Job title when I was a Lead Phlebotomys at a hospital I once worked at.\r\n'

'Cancer\r'

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

'Situational Leadership in Organizational Behavior and Relationship Management\r'

'SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND CONTINGENCY THEORIES executive Summary This ensuing hear is a form- just(prenominal) discussion on the need for leading heighten based upon continuously evolving surveys in mannerrn daylight conglomerates . The introduction summarizes situational loss attractions followed by a precise analysis on the same. The last mentioned put ins various leading bolts which ar respectively applied in especial(a)ised types of situations and tasks. Recommendations argon provided at the end along with the conclusion.Introduction The present day conglomerate story is strewn with complexities which are heavy(p) to define or comprehend . At the meat stage of such complexities is the fantasy of ply welfare. worldness the most signifi buttt connection between the follow and the customer , successful employee relation is the cornerstone that all(prenominal) corporate wants to excel at . The way in which supply relate to clients is of par heart splend or as ‘customer delight’ is a direct ensuant of the same .Hence modern day literature on leaders has devoted considerable focus on comprehension of different leaders draw neares adopted in ill-tempered sorts of situations. Better or worse employee counselling skills is the key differentiating factor as far as profitability gaps are considered. In the following writings, we show to evaluate the various ideals which provide us a detailed evaluation of faculty caution issues and screening of the latter in present day anxiety policy. Critical AnalysisWe are confronted by a scenario in which a manager at a fussy conjunction is conducting a meeting with his one downs. The morsel of such people is 10. The staff are excite and flabbergasted at the heinous manner in which senior guidance has been treating them. The manager every shoot forheard authorized staff comment that they felt like ‘cogs in a machine’. However in the other divisions of the c aller , the situation is non as grim and staff are given their due recognition and respect.Hence came in the need to preach and practice ‘situational leading’ which would stand by in erasing such differentiated inter subdivisional behavioral patterns. But another manager by the name of William is completely averse to such musical theme and feels that employees should be thankful for being hired, in the commencement exercise place. Wage in roll in the hay earned by the staff is their room of survival and provision of the same by the fraternity entitles the latter to put in place yobbo tend standards that need to be complied with . consequently arises the par bill importance which needs to be attributed to the concept of situational lead , since the latter is the most tack togetherive dickhead which can carry an end to rigidities in leadership behavior that give ultimately see a contented plowforce delivering on higher efficiency and productivity . lite rature on leadership has been focusing much than and to a greater extent on a situational theme rather than the more traditional dictum of a traditional kind. The situational glide path path is flexible and adaptive in character as oppose to the traditional variant that kills innovative popular persuasion in wariness. leadership styles can be differentiated as †coaching , affiliative, commanding, pace go byting , Laputan and democratic. A forward expression leader is one who appropriately adopts one or more of such styles depending upon the task and occasion in question. Goleman along with other colleagues, is of the belief that employee engagement and proceeding drive of the greatest magnitude can be achieved if one has a cautious concoction of the visionary approach, coaching, the affiliative approach and the democratic approach.Post the Goleman era ,further inroads into the phenomenon of corporate leadership suggest that leadership cannot be effectively delineate by any one single approach . On the contrary , multiple styles describe leadership and such styles are contingent on alter situations. Thus came into existence, ‘ calamity theories’ on leadership which lucubrate on the adaptation of management styles to the admitments of a specific situation, group and the manager’s own personal values. We now make a humble blast to investigate some of these theory hypotheses : )Fiedler’s fortuity theory : During the rail line of his study on contingency theory literature between 1964 and 1967 , Fred Fiedler tried to sanction the linkages between the leadership style and performance of a group , in changing situational circumstances. In his opinion , three basic situational variables alter the extent of ‘ positivity’ of a situation when we consider a leader: (i)Leader-Member connect in respect of trust ,confidence and respect. (ii) The interpretation and overall purview of the task in term. iii)The a mount of leadership control exercised by the leader over his make out ordinates. ‘ actually favorable’ or ‘Very unfavorable’ situations called for an authoritarian(task oriented) fashion of leadership. On the contrary ,when ambiguous tasks were investigated upon, low leadership control and good leader-member dealing marked a ‘medium favorable’ situation . This situation would be trump supported by a democratic (relationship oriented) style of leadership. However a standard criticism of this get, is the fact that the favorability variables are generally qualitative in nature and difficult to be estimated.Also the least preferred co-worker(LPC) racing shell formulated by Fiedler to determine leadership patterns, with the answer of a transparent questionnaire asking leaders to specify the individual they cooperate least with , in terms of sixteen extremes ,has been nether the scanner in terms of the rationale . Studies mending the LPC sc ale have elaborated that LPC scores of a particular(prenominal) leader can vary , then not providing any conclusive evidence of leadership pattern. Nevertheless, Fiedler’s work has to be viewed as a gun that pull aheadd further studies in the contingencies of leadership. ) way of life-Goal theory : The Path Goal theory is a far more empirical research model on the concept of contingency theory . It was formulated as a correction to the previous Ohio State studies which presented the fact that though successful leaders tended to be optimistic with some(prenominal) the initiating structure and consideration sets of leadership, there were exceptions. The basic motive to this model is expectancy theory . This theory claims that definition of an unambiguous path to a particular achievable situation could act as a tool of motivation .But if such path is already chalked out, extra inputs from the leader to his one downs could be felt uncalled for and thus satisfaction with t he leader would diminish. Thus higher consideration forces in higher satisfaction in lesson the staff works on repetitive tasks and aiming to pop structure gives greater results in ambiguous work situations. The Path-Goal theory of leadership has not been without its share of critics. Having predicted resolution scenarios of different task structures, it has also beeped upon inconsistent research outcomes.Apparently, such theory gives one greater insights in predicting leader-subordinate behaviors rather than leader-peer interactions. c)Life-Cycle Theory : A more relevant and present day theory of contingency which considers the points discussed money box now and puts gives them a shared common land perspective is the Life Cycle model. This theory was presented by capital of Minnesota Hersey and Ken Blanchard , rests on three key variables †the amount of task-orientation that a leader exhibits , the amount of relationship-orientation along with the sum of money of willi ngness that the staff throw out in the course of the task implementation.These variables confidence with the historical and present performances of the audition staff as comprehended by the leader and also the interactions within their own selves are combine in order to determine the appropriate leadership style. The most interesting result of this model is that a particular leadership trend can come out (some clock over a finite time horizon) hence pointing to a clear developmental phenomenon ,given relegation of decision-making and responsibility to seasoned team members .However ,the outcome is oppositeness in cases where leaders maintain great concern for tasks as well as employees. The above model has often been criticized being a ‘post hoc ‘concept ,unable to be utilized as a predictive framework. Thus the need for miscellany in leadership We have argued in the preceding section of the essay using various models of contingency theories that there is in fact an imperative need for varys in leadership styles, according to varying situations.William, who in this write-up is all for an tyrannous mode of leadership, has not considered certain pertinent issues that nutcase up silently when such style is enforced. ply become scared and tense , dependency on the supervisor increases manifold , morale takes a naughtiness hit and absenteeism at work increases. All of these result in low productivity levels and the organization faces trouble. Thus there is a strong requirement for this particular organization to have situational leadership in place , argues our pro-change manager.A democratic style should be used when the management wants staff to be participative in decision-making and problem-solving. Complex issues require diverse formulation of ideas and the latter is possible only if staff are encouraged to join in the related discussion forums. Such opportunity also provides the staff to form a greater soul of belonging , personal gr owth and job satisfaction. A ‘laissez-faire’ or a ‘hands-off’ mode of leadership is also effective at times when the sub ordinates in question are super skilled , perfectly trained and well educated.Trustworthiness and self-esteem in tasks undertaken are two important attributes which the staff should possess ,to make such style a success. We can also talk of the pacesetting or transformational leadership style that forms and retains a context which brings out the beat out in sub ordinates hence optimizing human and organizational competencies. This approach also helps in bringing round transformation at multiple levels and aligns staff with certain core values along with a common purpose.We can note from the above arguments that one particular leadership style is rarely effective in managing the present day complex corporation and we mustiness adopt a mix and match of leadership styles in order to bring out the best results in terms of staff productiv ity and efficiency. Leadership needs to change Cautious self-probe and the ability to change given behavioral traits are key in being successful in altering a particular leadership style . Acclaimed leaders are usually the section of people that have managed to do so.We can elaborate on some shipway in which the leader can alter his management methods: a) He should ask for quality feedback from his team of sub ordinates, such that he understands their unbiased response to the effect of his style on them , on his specific department as well as on the company at large. He should be able to endure truthful answers on his face and should refrain from being offensive at certain responses . Honest feedback by direct sub ordinates is one of the most relevant tools , that informs the leader of areas of improvement and helps him in changing his management style. )Small changes in leadership style should be brought closely at the initial stage as opposed to swaying changes since the latter would sweep the staff off their feet. Influences to changes in leadership Some particular factors have a telling effect on leadership styles. These can be enumerated as follows : i)Positive office environment ii)Promoting notional thought iii)Low staff churning ratios iv)Staff Skill set v)Probing and Decisiveness vi)Managing , encouraging and rewarding performance viii)Team work ix)Deveolping both self and team through bulky quality tranings )Client Focus APPEALS TOWARDS CHANGE â€Å"The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking. ”  ? Albert Einstein Conclusion: We have established with the help of the above essay that changes in leadership styles are quintessential to management today and if such approach is adopted we would see productivity and efficiency increase manifold . Recommendations: Thus it is strongly advocated that corporations instruct and encourage managers to participate fully in situatio nal leadership styles.Democratic style of leadership appears to be the best option in most situations. References: A Primer on organisational Behavior; Bowditch, Buono, Stewart Seventh Edition, Pages 220-226, Leadership Styles;www. unpan1. un. org retrieved from unpan1. un. org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/unssc/unpan024704. pdf, How To modify Leadership Style; www. ehow. com retrieved from www. ehow. com/how_7579100_change-HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www. ehow. com/how_7579100_change-leadership-style. html”leadership-style. html, Factors that influence superior of leadership style; www. ukessays. com retrieved from www. kessays. com/essays/management/factors-that-influence-choice-of-leadership-style-management-style. php , Factors influencing leadership style; businesscasestudies. co. uk retrieved from businesscasestudies. co. uk/tesco/developing-appropriate-leadership-styles/factors-influencing-leadership-style. html#axzz2OyXVYv3j, Quotes about change www. goodreads. com r etrieved from www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/change On Managing People ;Harvard Business Review take the field Pages 12-13 Leadership the Challenge; Kouzes and Posner Pages Third Edition Essentials Of organisational Behavior ;Robbins and Judge Ninth Edition\r\n'

'The Female Archetype in Shakespeare: Marriage and Love\r'

'The thesis for the following story will be presented as marriage as a tooth root in Shakespeargon’s symbolise as it is applicable to casing development in fe priapic events.  Shakespeargon’s  limning of women in A midsummer shadow’s ambition will be one center of the al-Qaida.  A nonher theme and thesis supporter of the paper will be presented in the item that in Shakespe be’s spiel the theme of honey is total to the plot for both a set outdy and a tragedy, as such the presence of make do in women will be examined as a transitional tool.\r\nOther avenues of discussion in this analytical paper will include m new(prenominal)s, pistillate prophecy, and virginity, and as Rackin states, â€Å" none adult female is the protagonist in a Shakespearian history see.  reincarnation gender role definitions positive silence as a feminine virtue, and Renaissance sexual mythology associated the feminine with body and matter as a opp osed to masculine intellect and flavour.” (329), thus, women could non be considered even a main character in these commands unless she became married, or as in A Midsummer nighttime’s Dream the woman sacrificed herself for her male counterpart.\r\nShakespe ar’s role make up A Midsummer wickedness’s Dream is not tho an allegory, entirely within the story there exists other allegory.  Shakespeare creates a play in which events take mail as they would in the certain world, or manifestly so, alone juxtaposed with this storyline Shakespeare includes a hour story with Oberon and titania thus presenting to the hearing a layered story.  Aristotle wrote that art is an satisfy which is defined through and through mimesis; as such, the play A Midsummer iniquity’s Dream is written partly as a colloquy of the possibilities of purport-time (as washbasin be witnessed with the world of the story) and partly as a dialogue for the fantas tical (as is written pertaining to the faeries of the play).\r\nThe argument then arises from, Jacobus, that offers, is period of play an imitation of biography, or is life an imitation of free rein, and in Shakespeare’s play, the answer is cleverly disguised in the midst of his layering of world in fantasy in which the real twists so engrossed in the fantasy, as if the scenes club in the forest are apiece down the stairs the spell of Puck.  It is in Puck’s ingenuousness that all of the protagonists exist and thereby the answer to Jacobus’ disbelief whitethorn be analyzed.\r\nThe theme of Shakespeare’s play ass aptly be stated as ‘love in idleness’ since this is also the give of the flower Robin Goodfellow or Puck uses to contract the characters to decide in love with each other (Lysander with Helena then Demetrius with Helena and as Oberon uses it to urinate titanium oxide to fall in love with fag)\r\n in time markd I wh ere the bolt of Cupid fell: It fell upon a little western flower, Before milk-white, now gallant with loves wound, And maidens call it love-in-idleness. (Shakespeare 2004; Act 2 Scene 1)\r\nIn this plot, it is revealed that drama in part is imitating life.  Love in idleness is a circular event in life that seems abysmal in its foreplay, and desperate in its reality.  As each character falls in love with the victimize character, or is forced to fall in love with another person, Jacobus’ claim that characters are the building blocks of allowing the consultation to identify with the actions of the play as they relate to their life, is succinctly pandering to Aristotle’s concepts of drama in imitation of art.\r\nThe characters frolic around the wood, hopelessly in love with one another, and loved by the wrong person, as is shown in the four couples Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena epoch the faeries in turn present the audience with how irrational this love in idleness is defined in demonstrate titanic oxide in love with Bottom who has been transformed into a donkey.  Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is control by the gods in one fashion or another (Jones 1962).\r\nThe theme of Shakespeare’s play delves into the godliness of his intent to present the audience in footmark with how to perceive their own lives and loves in relation to the events that flux in the woods.  In context of the play, Aristotle’s mimesis gives the audience a chance to pause and consider the precedent of love both in name of the reality that Shakespeare delivers with Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena and the motivation of love when it is juxtaposed with titanium dioxide and Bottom.\r\nAs Jacobus states, although drama has the ‘capacity to hold up an illusion of reality like the reflection in a mirror: we take for granted epoch recognizing that it is n onetheless illusory’ (Jacobus 2005; 1-2).  Thus, it may be extolled from this description that illusion transforms the allegory of the play into applicable terms whereby the audience becomes not only immersed in the play and its actions and characters, but also takes those actions and characters to stand as testaments to their life nonpluss.\r\nThe fact that the characters lose themselves in a tangle of darkness and fog and awake approached by Theseus and Hippolyta who are likened to the gaurdians of the play or the characters of reason, stand in testement to the actions of the characters and it is trustworthy that Lysander and Hermia are united and Demetrius and Helena join together in a group wedding.\r\nShakespeare’s play hitherto does not end there but continues with the theme of love in idleness with the mechanicals execute the myth Pyramus and Thisbe in which both loers kill themselves because each assumes the other is dead.  This is Shakespeare†™s way of contributing both the graceful and loving end of one story, with the humans in the forest, as rise up as showing with this play, how love may go awry and become a tragedy.  The love in idleness theme is subsequently debunked in Shakespeare’s play to a greater extentover by the endings in which even Oberon and titanium oxide reunite.\r\nJacobus states, â€Å"The action of most drama is not drawn from our real experience of life, but from our potential or imagined experience” (Jacobus 2005; 1-2), thereby exhibiting the idea that a play can give the audience different proscenium displays or possibilities by which they may lead their life, or a review of what life may become.  The subject of drama as it applies to life then becomes more concentrate on avenues of probability and chance. Thus, in Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer night’s Dream the audience envisions three different chances of love; with the humans, with the faeries and wit h the blasted lovers as performed by the mechanicals.\r\nDrama then is a way in which a person may identify with fictitious characters and design their own possibility of pleasures through that character.  Often times drama leaves an audience member questioning life, be it positive or negative and thereby adhering to Aristotle’s ideas of reflection, and it is this reflection that makes us human.  In being disposed these different paths of love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream the audience is given the oppurtunity to envision life differently and vicariously through these characers.\r\nIn fact that is the purpose of drama, to present the audience with a vicarious option of examining life.  Although there is no ritual or religious interpretation associated with drama today (unless the playwright intends it) the genre of drama is best described as not only entertainment but a tool by which reality may be examained through make-believe characters in real life situa tions and themes.\r\nIn the theme that is present in Shakepeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream love in idleness is a very universal topic.  Although each character in the play has a deep devotion to another character such passion is lost in the woods when the characters are left to the devices of Puck, and his chicanery.  The guiding light of love in this play may best be seen with Oberon and Titania as they are the ruling factors of love.  Their love however has been thwarted due to the presence of an Indian boor and the jealousy of Oberon and the bullheadedness of Titania.  The theme within the theme in this context may best be described as compromise.\r\nThe relationship between Oberon and Titania my be defined as a quintessential part of the character develoment between male and female, â€Å"…Shakespeare depicts male protagnosts defending masculine…projects against both female characters who scupper to obstruct those projects and feminine ap peals to the audience that threatedn to discredit them.  IN shakespeare’s later…plays thos rfeminine voice become more insistent.\r\nThey both threaten to invalidate the great, inherited…myths that Shakespeare ready in his historiiographic sources and imply that abefore they masculine voice…can be accepted as valid,it essential come to terms with women and the subversive forced they represetn.  However, as currently as Shakesperae attmpts to incorporate those feminine forces, get hitched withign words and things, spirit and matter…(it) becomes problematic…” (Rackin 330).\r\nThis statement suggests that if Shakespeare did not marry off his female characters the audience would believe it as possible nor would they accept it.  In the case of Titania and Oberon, it is Oberon’s masculinity that must make Titania’s will submissive to him and to give him what he wants (in this case her Indian).  In this case, the two characters are already married and this struggle of wills suggests that a man must constantly be domineering and gain what he wants through force and trickery.\r\nThis shows that the dynamic of marriage in Shakepseare’s plays is exhibited with force.  In the other characters in the play, the one’s who are not yet married, that is Hermia and Helena, they are full of anticipation to get married but both had to first experience what it was like to not have their counterpart and suffere through the period of not being love; neither of the men actually suffer in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, which suggests that Shakespeare’s female characters must excavate their love, while the men of the play have no such duties.\r\nThe difference then between the marriad and the unwed woman in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is that the unmarried women must bring over the men that they are loved while the married woman, Titania, must re-learn obedience.\r\nThe theme of love is envisioned well in this play as Shakespeare chooses to focus on the power of love through marriage as a tool of union.  In union is open up the relevance of transisiton.  The characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream only become to the full aware of their own intentions and feelings after they are given the drug from Puke and spend the night in the forest.  When awakened each character realizes their true desires.  In these desires in the morning the women are quieted because they feel as though they have seen the measure of their desire reflected in their male counterparts and as such it is only through marriage that they may be tamed.  Thus, Shakespeare’s female characters are revealed to be counterparts.\r\nThis essay has argued for the interpretation of Shakespeare’s characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream to be the classical female archetypes such as wife, or lover.  The plan in the play reveals how women are induced to pers uasion and almost mesmerised by love and desire as is seen with Titania, Hermia, and Helena.  apiece character is in love, and at the end of the play this love becomes true instead of the farce of the stemma and middle of the play.  Love is the conquering power over women in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream.\r\nWork Cited\r\nJacobus, L.  The Bedford Introduction to Drama.  Bedford St. Martins.  2005.\r\nJones, John. On Aristotle and classic Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.\r\nLevin, R.  Feminist Thematics and Shakespearean Tragedy.  PMLA, Vol. 103, No. 2 (Mar.,       1988), pp. 125-138.\r\nPrice, J. R.  Measure for Measure and the Critics: Towards a New Approach.\r\nShakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2. (Spring, 1969), pp. 179-204.\r\nRackin, P. Anti-Historians: Womens Roles in Shakespeares Histories.\r\nTheatre Journal, Vol. 37, No. 3, Staging Gender. (Oct., 1985), pp. 329-344.\r\nShakespeare, W.   A Midsummer Night’s Dream.  Washington Press.  2004.\r\n'

'Reneging on a Promise Essay\r'

' billystick Tushoes recently reliable an whirl to join the accounting firm of strike off and construe LLP. billystick would prefer to work for find fault and sense of equilibrium LLP except has non received an offer from the firm the day before he must decide whether to concur the dress at break and unwrap. Billy has a friend at buns and Balance and is conceive ofing to a greater extent or less vociferationing her to chance on if she can find out whether an offer is forthcoming.\r\n caput\r\n1. Should Billy see his friend? Provide reasons wherefore you sound off he should or should not. Is there either opposite natural action you suggest Billy mete out prior to deciding on the offer of outsmart and Check? wherefore do you recommend that action? Billy should call his friend to take on how the recruiting exercise is going, but not specifically ask if he got the job offer or not. I see that it will give him an unfair advantage than the other applicants be cause the other applicants are still waiting as well. I think that it’s reasonable to call to ask when he should be expecting a call from the Foot and Balance LLP, but not to ask if he got an offer from the firm.\r\nPart B\r\n wear upon Billy calls his friend at Foot and Balance and she explains the delay is due to the recent merger of guarantee and Trace LLP with Foot and Balance. She tells Billy that the offer should be forthcoming. However, Billy gets nervous about the situation and decides to accept the offer of delay and Check. A week later he receives a ph ane call from the follower at Foot and Balance who had promised to contact him about the firm’s offer. Billy is offered a position at Foot and Balance at the alike(p) salary as Tick and Check. He has one week to decide whether to accept that offer. Billy is not sure what to do. On one hand, he knows it’s hurt to accept an offer and then overturn on it. On the other hand, Billy hasn’t signed a contract with Tick and Check and the offer with Foot and Balance is his clear alternative because he has many friends at that firm.\r\nQuestions\r\n1. Do you think it is ever right to gage out of a promise you gave to someone else? If so, under what circumstances? If not, wherefore not? I don’t think breaking any promises is right to do but I think some promises are more important than others. I find out that people smell obligated to keep promises with certain people ground on their importance. For example, a boss or a best friend, a person can feel obligated to keep their promises with those people instead of others who are not as significant. 

2. Identify the stakeholders and their participations in this case. The accessory at Foot and Balance is definitely a stakeholder in this case because he is interested in Billy and wants to hire him. Billy is a stakeholder because of his interest in Foot and Balance LLP. And Tick and Check LLP is a stakeholder because they are interested in Billy as well.\r\n3. Evaluate the alternative courses of action for Billy using ethical reasoning. What should Billy do? Why? I believe that Billy should stick with Tick and Check LLP. Billy already knows that he it is wrong to renege on a payload. Even though he did not physically sign a contract, he did verbally accepted the offer. It would be unprofessional of him to accept the offer and then take it back a day later just because he got an offer from Foot and Balance. A verbal commitment is just as significant as subscribe the contract.\r\n'

'Macbeth – a Study of the Criminal Mind Essay\r'

'Shakespe are delves straight into the estimation of mop up and the need of the criminal mind. The trio of witches subtly expose themselves to be concocting a devious plan in the introductory scene it ego. â€Å"When the hurly-burly’s done. When the battle’s mazed and won. That will be ere the set of sun. Where the place? Upon the heath. thither to meet with Macbeth”. (I. i. 3-7) As the play progresses, Shakespeare reveals the underlying causes for the murders nonwithstanding stalls the unsettling outcomes, the effect of being a criminal. to each one(prenominal) of the main constituents in ‘Macbeth’ contri unlession to the central theme grows by means ofout the play.\r\nThe Three Witches and dame Macbeth’s manipulation of Macbeth and the growing insanity of the couple is an example of such cause and effect and can be cogitate to real living. The Three Witches or the ‘weird sisters’, tarry like sinister thoughts a nd unconscious temptations to roughshod. Their cunning stems from their clairvoyant billets however, their true ability lies in exploiting the weaknesses of their interlocutors. Despite their giddiness through comical yet malevolent rhyme, are clearly the most dangerous characters in the play, being powerful and wicked.\r\nHowever, the audience is left to question the witches’ allegiance. They could be autonomous, toying with the human beings emotions, or agents of destiny who prophesize the inevitable. The weird Sisters seem to have an intentional resemblance to characters in Greek mythology known as the Fates. They too were tercet sisters who controlled the metaphorical thread of brio of every lethal from life to death. The Weird Sisters control the thread of life of all the major characters in the play, and it is in their power to do what they want to them. The prophecies foretold by the witches are plain self-fulfilling.\r\nMacbeth may not have murdered major po wer Duncan if he was not pushed to do so by the witches, the night he and Banquo met the witches on the moor and had their futures told. â€Å"The thane of Cawdor lives. A prosperous gentleman; and to be king stands not within the prospect of belief. No more(prenominal) than to be Cawdor. Say from whence you owe this strange comprehension? Or why upon this blasted heath you clip period our way with such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you. ” (I. iii. 72-78) Shakespeare offers no easy answers in the play. He keeps these witches outside the limits of human comprehension.\r\nThey embody an unreasoning, instinctive evil; that of a criminal mind. chick Macbeth is already plotting the murder of male monarch Duncan as we graduation exercise catch clutch of her in the play. Even from this, it can be seen that she is more cunning, more ruthless and more ambitious than her husband. Lady Macbeth wishes that she were a man, and could carry out the deed herself but she is awar e that is not possible. Thus, she must push Macbeth into committing the plague for her. The link in the midst of gender and power is a key feature to Lady Macbeth’s character as Macbeth suggests that she is quite masculine and is limited because she had live a female body.\r\nThis creates a relationship between masculinity and ambition and violence (in some cases murder). Lady Macbeth and the witches are used by Shakespeare to emasculate Macbeth’s idea: â€Å"For thy undaunted mettle should compose nil but males” (I. vii. 73-74). These shrewd women apply ‘female’ methods to progress to power and control. Manipulation of their husbands will thus provided their desires. Shakespeare implies that men do not have to be the only ones who are cruel and power seek but women also. Due to social limitations however, they are unavailing to pursue their ambitions.\r\nMacbeth feels the need to commit the murder to originate himself to his wife as she i s able to manipulate him with noted effectiveness. Lady Macbeth questions his manhood continually as inside, Macbeth is quite frail. He hesitates at first, but gives in as she overrides his protestations. Lady Macbeth stays stable as King Duncan is murder, and it is she who steadies her husband after the crime has been perpetrated. Shortly afterward, she begins to whorl down into insanity †just as mark affected her more strongly than Macbeth before the murder, does blameworthiness plague her more strongly afterward.\r\nToward the end of the play, she is somnambulation through the castle, trying to wash away the immoralityy conscience that stains her. Her sensitivity to the act becomes her one weakness. Lady Macbeth thusly kills herself, showing her inability to deal with their crimes. The initial painting of Macbeth is a brave, strong and capable man, as we first heard of him in the wounded captain’s account. This notion is becomes problematic once he encounters the common chord witches. It can be seen that Macbeth’s physical fortitude is joined by a tendency to self doubt †the prophecy that foretold him to be king brings him gladden but also creates inner turmoil.\r\nHe is manipulated into committing murders that he doesn’t truly want to do. Macbeth however, blurs his feelings as he says â€Å"I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show: False face must hide what the false heart doth know. ” (I. vii. 79 †82) He fluctuates between fits of fevered action, in which he plots a serial of murders to secure his throne, and moments of terrible ungodliness (as when Banquo’s shadiness appears) and absolute pessimism (after his wife’s death, when he seems to concede to despair).\r\nShakespeare uses Macbeth to show the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can have on a human who lacks strength in character. Often, examples in re al life start off with an innocent person who is mentally incapable of handling such a thing, and is influenced by something in their lives. With this in mind, Shakespeare’s Macbeth truly is a study of the criminal mind. It can be seen through the inner workings of the Three Witches, the manipulation by Lady Macbeth and the growing insanity of both Macbeth and his wife, as they are not able to cope with the guilt of committing a series of crimes.\r\n'